一、沼氣預(yù)處理：保障發(fā)電質(zhì)量的基礎(chǔ)

1、 Biogas pretreatment: the foundation for ensuring power generation quality

沼氣通常產(chǎn)生于養(yǎng)殖場、污水處理廠、垃圾填埋場等場所，成分復(fù)雜，除了主要的甲烷（CH）外，還含有二氧化碳、硫化氫、水分以及固體雜質(zhì)等。為了保證沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和發(fā)電效率，進(jìn)入機(jī)組前，沼氣必須經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的預(yù)處理。

Biogas is usually produced in breeding farms, sewage treatment plants, landfills, and other places, with complex components. In addition to the main methane (CH), it also contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and solid impurities. In order to ensure the stable operation and power generation efficiency of the biogas generator set, the biogas must undergo strict pretreatment before entering the unit.

首先，通過氣水分離器去除沼氣中的水分。水分的存在不僅會降低沼氣的熱值，還可能對后續(xù)設(shè)備造成腐蝕。接著，利用脫硫裝置處理沼氣中的硫化氫。硫化氫具有腐蝕性且有毒，會損害發(fā)動機(jī)的氣缸、活塞等部件，還會污染環(huán)境。環(huán)能沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組常采用干法脫硫或濕法脫硫技術(shù)，干法脫硫通過氧化鐵等脫硫劑與硫化氫發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為硫化鐵；濕法脫硫則利用堿性溶液吸收硫化氫。經(jīng)過脫硫處理后，沼氣中的硫化氫含量可降至符合發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。最后，通過過濾器去除沼氣中的固體顆粒雜質(zhì)，確保進(jìn)入機(jī)組的沼氣清潔純凈，為后續(xù)發(fā)電過程奠定基礎(chǔ)。

Firstly, remove the moisture from the biogas through a gas water separator. The presence of moisture not only reduces the calorific value of biogas, but may also cause corrosion to subsequent equipment. Next, use a desulfurization device to treat hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Hydrogen sulfide is corrosive and toxic, and can damage engine components such as cylinders and pistons, as well as pollute the environment. The environmental energy biogas generator set often adopts dry desulfurization or wet desulfurization technology. Dry desulfurization involves a chemical reaction between desulfurizing agents such as iron oxide and hydrogen sulfide to convert it into iron sulfide; Wet desulfurization utilizes alkaline solution to absorb hydrogen sulfide. After desulfurization treatment, the hydrogen sulfide content in biogas can be reduced to the standard that meets the operating requirements of the generator set. Finally, solid particles and impurities in the biogas are removed through a filter to ensure the cleanliness and purity of the biogas entering the unit, laying the foundation for the subsequent power generation process.

二、燃燒做功：化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能

2、 Combustion work: conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy

經(jīng)過預(yù)處理的沼氣進(jìn)入發(fā)動機(jī)的氣缸，與空氣按照一定比例混合形成可燃混合氣。此時，活塞處于壓縮行程，將可燃混合氣壓縮，使其溫度和壓力升高。當(dāng)活塞接近上止點時，火花塞產(chǎn)生電火花，點燃可燃混合氣?；旌蠚庋杆偃紵?，產(chǎn)生高溫高壓的燃?xì)?，推動活塞向下運(yùn)動，通過連桿帶動曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，將沼氣的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能。這一過程類似于傳統(tǒng)的汽油或柴油發(fā)動機(jī)的工作原理，但由于沼氣的燃燒特性與汽油、柴油不同，環(huán)能沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組對發(fā)動機(jī)的點火系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)等進(jìn)行了專門設(shè)計和優(yōu)化，以確保沼氣能夠充分燃燒，提高能源利用效率。

The pre treated biogas enters the cylinder of the engine and mixes with air in a certain proportion to form a combustible mixture. At this point, the piston is in the compression stroke, compressing the combustible mixture and increasing its temperature and pressure. When the piston approaches the top dead center, the spark plug generates an electric spark, igniting the combustible mixture. The mixed gas burns rapidly, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which drives the piston to move downward and rotates the crankshaft through the connecting rod, converting the chemical energy of biogas into mechanical energy. This process is similar to the working principle of traditional gasoline or diesel engines, but due to the different combustion characteristics of biogas from gasoline and diesel, the environmental energy biogas generator set has specially designed and optimized the ignition system, intake system, etc. of the engine to ensure that biogas can be fully burned and improve energy utilization efficiency.

三、發(fā)電環(huán)節(jié)：機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能

3、 Power generation process: converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

發(fā)動機(jī)曲軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動通過聯(lián)軸器傳遞給發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子。發(fā)電機(jī)主要由定子和轉(zhuǎn)子兩部分組成，轉(zhuǎn)子在旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中，其內(nèi)部的磁場與定子繞組相互切割磁力線，根據(jù)電磁感應(yīng)原理，在定子繞組中產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電動勢，從而將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。環(huán)能沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組通常采用三相交流同步發(fā)電機(jī)，產(chǎn)生的交流電經(jīng)過整流器整流，將交流電轉(zhuǎn)換為直流電，再通過逆變器將直流電轉(zhuǎn)換為符合電網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或用戶需求的交流電，最終實現(xiàn)電能的輸出。

The rotational motion of the engine crankshaft is transmitted to the rotor of the generator through a coupling. The generator is mainly composed of two parts: the stator and the rotor. During the rotation of the rotor, the magnetic field inside it cuts through the magnetic field lines with the stator winding. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated in the stator winding, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The environmental energy biogas generator set usually uses a three-phase AC synchronous generator. The generated AC power is rectified by a rectifier, converted into DC power, and then converted into AC power that meets the grid standards or user needs through an inverter, ultimately achieving the output of electrical energy.

四、控制系統(tǒng)：保障穩(wěn)定高效發(fā)電

4、 Control system: Ensure stable and efficient power generation

為了確保環(huán)能沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和高效發(fā)電，設(shè)備配備了先進(jìn)的智能控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)實時監(jiān)測沼氣的成分、壓力、流量，以及發(fā)動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速、溫度、潤滑油壓力，發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓、電流等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。一旦某個參數(shù)出現(xiàn)異常，控制系統(tǒng)能夠迅速做出反應(yīng)，例如自動調(diào)節(jié)沼氣和空氣的進(jìn)氣量，以保證可燃混合氣的最佳比例；當(dāng)發(fā)動機(jī)溫度過高時，自動啟動冷卻系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行降溫；當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓不穩(wěn)定時，調(diào)整逆變器的工作參數(shù)，確保輸出穩(wěn)定的電能。此外，控制系統(tǒng)還具備故障診斷和報警功能，能夠及時發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備故障，并通過聲光報警等方式提示操作人員進(jìn)行處理，大大提高了設(shè)備的可靠性和安全性。?

In order to ensure the stable operation and efficient power generation of the environmental energy biogas generator set, the equipment is equipped with an advanced intelligent control system. The system monitors the composition, pressure, and flow rate of biogas in real-time, as well as key parameters such as engine speed, temperature, lubricating oil pressure, and generator output voltage and current. Once a parameter is abnormal, the control system can quickly respond, such as automatically adjusting the intake of biogas and air to ensure the optimal ratio of combustible mixture; When the engine temperature is too high, the cooling system automatically starts to cool down; When the output voltage of the generator is unstable, adjust the working parameters of the inverter to ensure stable output of electrical energy. In addition, the control system also has fault diagnosis and alarm functions, which can timely detect equipment faults and prompt operators to handle them through sound and light alarms, greatly improving the reliability and safety of the equipment. ?

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